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First Aid in Household Emergencies Poisoning: When a poison has been taken internally, start first aid at once. Call doctor immediately. Dilute poison with large amount of liquids – milk, or water.Wash out by inducing vomiting, when not a strong acid, strong alkali or petroleum. For acid poisons do not induce vomiting, but neutralize with milk of magnesia. Then give milk, olive oil or egg white. Keep victim warm and lying down. For alkali poisons such as lye or ammonia, do not induce vomiting. Give lemon juice or vinegar. Then give milk and keep victim warm and lying down. If poison is a sleeping drug, induce vomiting and then give strong black coffee frequently. Victim must be kept awake. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration. Shock: Shock is brought on by a sudden or severe physical injury or emotional disturbance. In shock, the balance between the nervous system and the blood vessels is upset. The result is faintness, nausea, and a pale and clammy skin. Call ambulance immediately. If not treated the victim may become unconscious and eventually lapse into a coma. Keep victim lying down, preferably with head lower than body.Don’t give fluids unless delayed in getting to doctor, then give only water. (Hot tea, coffee, milk, or broth may be tried if water is not tolerated.) Never give liquid to an unconscious person. Patient must be alert. Cover victim both under and around his body. Do not permit victim to become abnormally hot. Reassure victim and avoid letting him see other victims, or his own injury. Fainting is most common and last form of shock. Patients will respond in 30-60 seconds by merely allowing patient to lie head down if possible on floor. Fractures: Pain, deformity or swelling of injured part usually means a fracture. If fracture is suspected, don’t move person unless absolutely necessary, and then only if the suspected area is splinted. Give small amounts of lukewarm fluids and treat for shock. Burns: Apply or submerge the burned area in cold water. Apply a protective dry sterile cloth or gauze dry dressing if necessary. Do not apply grease or an antiseptic ointment or spray. Call doctor and keep patient warm (not hot) with severe burns. If burn case must be transported any distance, cover burns with clean cloth.Don’t dress extensive facial burns. (It may hinder early plastic surgery.) Wounds: Minor cuts – Apply pressure with sterile gauze until
bleeding stops. Use antiseptic recommended by your doctor. Bandage
with sterile gauze. See your doctor. Animal Bites: Wash wounds freely with soap and water. Hold under running tap for several minutes if possible. Apply an antiseptic approved by your doctor and cover with sterile gauze compress. Always see your doctor immediately. So that animal may be held in quarantine, obtain name and address of owner. Heat Exhaustion: Caused by exposure to heat and sun. Symptoms: Pale
face, moist and clammy skin, weak pulse, subnormal temperature, and
victim usually conscious. |
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